When Depression Doesn’t Go Away: Understanding Treatment-Resistant Depression

You’ve tried therapy. You’ve tried medication. You’ve tried getting more sleep, exercising, being social—maybe even reading all the right books. And yet, the heavy fog hasn’t lifted. If anything, it’s settled in deeper. When nothing seems to work, it’s easy to start wondering: Is this just who I am now?

If this sounds familiar, you’re not alone. What you’re experiencing may be what’s known as treatment-resistant depression (TRD), and while the name can sound intimidating, understanding it is the first step toward finding a new path forward.

What Is Treatment-Resistant Depression?

Treatment-resistant depression is typically defined as a form of depression that doesn’t improve after trying at least two different antidepressant medications. But the term isn’t limited to medication alone—it can also describe depression that lingers despite talk therapy, lifestyle changes, or other standard interventions.

Importantly, treatment-resistant doesn’t mean untreatable. It simply means your depression might need a different approach—one that gets to the root of what’s happening emotionally, psychologically, or even physiologically.

Why Some Depression Doesn’t Respond Easily

Depression is not a one-size-fits-all condition. There are many reasons why someone might not respond to typical treatment approaches:

• Unresolved trauma or emotional wounding that hasn’t been addressed in talk therapy

• Biological or hormonal factors that require medical attention

• Mismatch between the therapy style and your emotional needs

• Overwhelming internal self-criticism that blocks progress

• Feeling unsafe or unseen in the therapeutic relationship

In an initial session, a new client shared that she felt like she was doing everything “right”—taking medication, showing up to therapy, trying to stay connected—but still felt numb, exhausted, and deeply stuck. That sense of helplessness is incredibly common in treatment-resistant depression, and it’s not a reflection of personal failure.

It’s also worth noting that medication can still play a role, even when it hasn’t worked in the past. Sometimes a different class of antidepressants, a combination strategy, or working with a psychiatrist who specializes in treatment-resistant depression can make a meaningful difference. Exploring therapy and medication together can often be more effective than either alone.

Therapy Approaches That May Help

No one approach works for everyone—but here are several therapies that have helped many people when traditional methods haven’t:

• Internal Family Systems (IFS): Helps you explore and understand the different “parts” of yourself—especially the ones that carry pain, shame, or the urge to give up. Rather than trying to eliminate these parts, IFS helps you develop a relationship with them that’s rooted in compassion.

• Experiential Psychodynamic Therapy: Goes beyond insight to help you feel the emotions that may have been suppressed for years. When emotions like anger, sadness, or fear are experienced and expressed in a safe setting, they often lose their grip.

• Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): Often used for trauma, EMDR can also be effective in addressing deeply embedded negative beliefs and emotional patterns that contribute to depression.

• Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP): KAP combines the use of ketamine with structured psychotherapy to help people access emotional material that can be hard to reach in ordinary states of consciousness. Delivered in collaboration with a licensed prescriber, KAP may be particularly helpful for those who haven’t responded to more conventional treatment approaches. The therapy component is central—helping clients integrate insights and emotional shifts that arise during ketamine sessions.

A Different Kind of Support

Living with depression that doesn’t lift easily can be deeply isolating—but there is help. The goal of therapy isn’t just to “fix” you—it’s to help you understand yourself, build a relationship with the parts of you that are struggling, and reconnect with a sense of vitality.

You don’t have to carry the weight of figuring this all out by yourself. A skilled therapist can help you understand what’s happening beneath the surface and guide you through depression therapy that actually work for you.

If you’re navigating treatment-resistant depression and want support that honors your experience, I invite you to reach out. You don’t have to keep figuring it out alone.

Beyond Sadness: Understanding Emotional Numbness in Depression

When people think of depression, they often picture overwhelming sadness, crying, or despair. And while that can be true, depression doesn’t always look or feel that way. In fact, for many people, the emotional landscape of depression is defined not by sadness—but by emptiness.

This often-missed experience is called emotional numbness. Rather than feeling low, some people with depression feel… nothing at all.

What Is Emotional Numbness?

Emotional numbness is a state where you feel disconnected from your feelings, your body, or the people around you. You might go through the motions of daily life without fully engaging. Things that once brought joy now feel flat. Conversations feel distant. Even pain may not register fully.

This kind of disconnection is one of the lesser-known depression symptoms, but it’s incredibly common—and incredibly isolating. You might find yourself thinking:

• “I should be upset, but I don’t feel anything.”

• “It’s like I’m watching life happen from behind a wall.”

• “I’m not sad. I’m just... blank.”

These experiences are real. And they are just as valid—and just as serious—as classic symptoms like sadness or hopelessness.

Depression Without Sadness

The idea of depression without sadness may sound contradictory, but it’s a reality for many people. For some, the nervous system doesn’t register sadness—it shuts down to protect against it. This survival mechanism can leave people feeling emotionally frozen rather than overwhelmed.

In fact, feeling numb may be the only thing you feel.

Rather than asking, “Why am I so sad?” you may be wondering, “Why don’t I feel anything at all?” This is still depression. It’s not a lesser form—it’s just a different face of the same condition.

Why Does Emotional Numbness Happen?

Sometimes, emotional numbness is the body’s way of saying, “It’s too much.” When the nervous system is overwhelmed—by trauma, loss, chronic stress, or burnout—it may protect itself by shutting down. You’re not weak. Your body is simply doing what it knows to do: survive.

Therapists often talk about something called the Window of Tolerance—a way to describe the range of emotional arousal we can handle before feeling overwhelmed. When you’re within your window, you’re able to feel and process emotions in a way that feels manageable. But when life becomes too much for too long, your system may flip outside of that window.

Sometimes it flips upward into a state of hyperarousal—anxiety, panic, racing thoughts. Other times, it drops downward into hypoarousal—a state of freeze, collapse, and emotional shutdown. This is often when emotional numbness shows up. You don’t feel sad or angry or afraid—you feel nothing. That numbness can be confusing or even frightening, but it’s your nervous system trying to keep you safe.

Medication, particularly certain antidepressants, can also contribute to emotional blunting—a reduction in both emotional highs and lows. If that’s part of your experience, it’s worth discussing with your provider, but it doesn’t mean you’re broken. It means your system may need care, regulation, and gentle reconnection.

What Therapy Can Do

You may be wondering: If I feel nothing, how can therapy even help? The truth is, therapy isn’t about forcing emotions to come back. It’s about gently creating space where emotions can return when you’re ready.

Therapy can help you:

• Explore the underlying causes of your emotional numbness—whether it's past trauma, ongoing stress, or a nervous system stuck in survival mode.

• Begin to safely reconnect with your emotional world through grounding, mindfulness, and body-based approaches.

• Identify and challenge beliefs like “There’s something wrong with me for not feeling,” replacing shame with understanding.

• Learn strategies for regulating your nervous system so that your body no longer needs to shut down just to get through the day.

This work can take time. But many people find that—gradually—they begin to notice small shifts. A flicker of emotion. A tear they didn’t expect. A laugh that feels real. These are signs that your system is thawing. That healing is happening.

Final Thoughts

Depression doesn’t always look like sadness. Sometimes, it looks like emptiness, flatness, or silence. Sometimes it feels like watching life happen from far away. If you’re feeling numb, that doesn’t mean your experience is less valid. It means your system may be overwhelmed—and trying to protect you the best way it can.

The good news is, you don’t have to stay frozen. With support, it's possible to reconnect with your emotional life and reclaim a sense of vitality.

Learn more about how depression therapy can help.

Exercise for Depression: How Much is Enough?

When it comes to managing depression, exercise is one of the most accessible and effective tools available. But how much exercise is needed to make a real difference? While everyone’s experience with depression and exercise is unique, research provides some valuable guidelines that can help you tailor a routine to improve your mental health.

What the Research Says

Numerous studies indicate that regular exercise can significantly reduce symptoms of depression. The most commonly recommended frequency and duration are:

• 3 to 5 sessions per week of moderate to vigorous exercise.

• 30 to 45 minutes per session for maximum benefit.

However, even smaller amounts of physical activity can have a positive impact. For example, research shows that just 15 minutes of vigorous activity per day or an hour of moderate activity per week can reduce the risk of depression.

Both aerobic activities, such as walking, jogging, or cycling, and resistance training, like weightlifting or bodyweight exercises, have shown to be effective. The key is consistency over intensity—you don’t need to exhaust yourself to reap the mental health benefits.

Why Does Exercise Work?

Exercise positively affects the brain and body in several ways, making it a powerful tool for improving mood and reducing depressive symptoms. Here are some of the primary mechanisms:

Biological Benefits

• Increased Endorphins: Physical activity stimulates the release of endorphins, often referred to as “feel-good” hormones, which can lift your mood.

• Enhanced Serotonin Levels: Exercise boosts serotonin and other neurotransmitters involved in regulating mood.

• Reduced Cortisol Levels: Exercise helps decrease cortisol, a stress hormone often elevated in individuals with depression.

Psychological Benefits

• Improved Self-Esteem: Achieving exercise goals can boost your confidence and sense of accomplishment.

• Distraction from Negative Thoughts: Physical activity shifts your focus away from ruminative thoughts, providing mental relief.

Social Benefits

• Increased Connection: Joining a group class or walking with a friend can foster a sense of community, combating the isolation often associated with depression.

Starting Small: Overcoming Barriers to Exercise

For many people with depression, starting an exercise routine can feel overwhelming. Fatigue, lack of motivation, and feelings of hopelessness can make it difficult to take that first step. Here are some strategies to overcome these challenges:

• Set Manageable Goals: Start with as little as 5 to 10 minutes of walking or stretching. Every bit counts.

• Focus on Enjoyment: Choose activities you genuinely enjoy, whether that’s dancing, yoga, swimming, or gardening.

• Pair Exercise with Existing Habits: Build your routine around something you already do, like walking the dog or listening to your favorite podcast.

• Celebrate Small Wins: Acknowledge every effort, no matter how small. Completing a 10-minute walk is a victory worth celebrating.

Practical Advice for Building an Exercise Routine

Consistency is key when it comes to seeing the mental health benefits of exercise. Here are some tips to help you create and sustain a routine:

1. Start Slow: If you’re new to exercise, begin with light activities like walking or gentle yoga and gradually increase the intensity.

2. Set a Schedule: Aim to exercise at the same time each day to build a habit.

3. Be Flexible: Life happens—if you miss a session, don’t let it derail your efforts. Start again when you can.

4. Track Your Progress: Use a journal or app to note how you feel before and after exercise. Seeing patterns of improvement can reinforce the habit.

5. Mix It Up: Prevent boredom by trying different activities, such as hiking, swimming, or strength training.

When Can You Expect Results?

The mental health benefits of exercise can begin to appear within the first few weeks of consistent effort. Many people report feeling a boost in mood immediately after exercise, while longer-term improvements, such as reduced symptoms of depression, tend to become noticeable after 4 to 6 weeks.

Final Thoughts

Exercise is not a cure for depression, but it is a powerful and natural way to improve mood, increase energy, and foster resilience. Whether you’re walking around the block or hitting the gym five times a week, every step you take is a step toward better mental health. Start small, stay consistent, and remember that even the smallest effort can have a meaningful impact. Learn more about how depression therapy can support you alongside other approaches to improve mental health.

5 Signs of Depression in Men

Depression affects millions of people every year, but it doesn't always look the same for everyone—especially for men. Men are often taught to be “strong,” “self-reliant,” and emotionally reserved, which can make it difficult for them to recognize or admit when they are struggling with their mental health. Thus, depression can manifest differently in men, and it may show up in ways that aren’t always associated with sadness. Understanding the signs can help men, and those who care about them, take the steps needed to get support.

Here are five common signs of depression in men that are often overlooked:

1. Anger or Irritability

While depression is often linked with sadness or hopelessness, many men express their depression through irritability or anger. This anger can be directed outward at friends, family, or coworkers, or even inward through harsh self-criticism. In a society where men are often taught that showing vulnerability is a weakness, they might feel more comfortable expressing frustration rather than admitting feelings of sadness or despair. This anger is sometimes accompanied by a sense of restlessness, impatience, or an inability to relax.

Without recognizing it as a symptom of depression, this irritability can strain relationships and increase feelings of isolation. Ironically, in their efforts to remain "strong" and avoid vulnerability, men may find themselves feeling isolated and drained, weakening their capacity to cope.

2. Withdrawing from Social Activities

Men experiencing depression may begin to withdraw from the people and activities that once brought them joy. This withdrawal can manifest in several ways—avoiding friends, skipping social events, or losing interest in hobbies that were once enjoyable. For some men, this retreat is a coping mechanism. They may feel emotionally drained, overwhelmed, or embarrassed about their struggles and prefer to avoid interactions that require energy or explanation.

Isolation can be a self-reinforcing cycle, as the more disconnected someone becomes, the harder it can be to reach out for help. When a man suddenly becomes more distant, this might be a sign that he's dealing with something deeper than just a bad day.

3. Physical Symptoms

It’s not uncommon for men to experience depression through physical symptoms. Chronic pain, headaches, stomach issues, or other unexplained physical complaints can often accompany depression. These symptoms may be a result of the body’s prolonged stress response, and men might not even recognize the connection to their mental health. Instead, they might visit doctors to find the cause of their physical discomfort, but without an obvious diagnosis, they may feel frustrated or helpless.

Since physical symptoms are easier to acknowledge and treat than emotional ones, men might not connect their pain to depression, making it important to consider mental health when physical symptoms persist without a clear cause.

4. Substance Abuse

Another common sign of depression in men is an increased reliance on alcohol or drugs to cope with their emotions. Men may turn to substances to numb their feelings or escape from the overwhelming weight of depression. While this can provide temporary relief, it often leads to a dangerous cycle where the substance use worsens the depression, deepening the feelings of isolation and hopelessness.

Substance abuse can also serve as a form of avoidance. Rather than addressing the root cause of their struggles, some men may try to drown out their feelings, which delays the healing process and can have serious long-term consequences on both their mental and physical health.

5. Risky Behaviors or Overworking

Engaging in risky behaviors or throwing oneself into work are also signs of depression in men. When men feel out of control emotionally, they may seek to regain a sense of power or escape through high-risk activities like reckless driving, gambling, or even engaging in dangerous physical pursuits.

On the other hand, some men immerse themselves in work or hobbies as a way to distract themselves from their emotions. While this might seem productive on the surface, it can become unhealthy if it's done to the point of burnout or exhaustion. These behaviors are often attempts to avoid confronting their feelings, but over time, they only add to the stress and worsen the depression.

Encouraging Help-Seeking

Recognizing these signs in yourself or a loved one is the first step in addressing depression. If someone you know is showing these signs, approach the topic with care and compassion. Let them know you’re there to listen and support them without judgment. Encourage them to seek professional help, whether through therapy, counseling, or a trusted healthcare provider. You can also learn more about depression treatment here.

It’s important to remember that depression is treatable, and reaching out for help is a sign of wisdom, not weakness.

The Stigma of Depression: Overcoming the Barriers to Seeking Help

Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders, yet it continues to be surrounded by stigma, which can prevent those affected from seeking the help they need. This stigma is not just a societal issue; it’s also prevalent in workplaces, within families, across different cultures, and even varies by gender. In this blog post, we’ll explore the stigma surrounding depression, how it manifests in various contexts, and what can be done to overcome it.

Understanding Social Stigma and Self-Stigma

Social stigma refers to the negative attitudes and discriminatory behaviors that society directs toward individuals with depression. This can include misconceptions that depression is a sign of weakness, laziness, or a lack of resilience. On the other hand, self-stigma occurs when individuals internalize these negative stereotypes, leading to feelings of shame, guilt, and self-blame. Both forms of stigma can have serious consequences, including delayed treatment, isolation, and worsening symptoms.

Professional Stigma: The Impact on Treatment Seeking

In certain professions, the stigma associated with mental health can be especially detrimental because of the potential professional ramifications. Examples of these professions include:

• Pilots and Air Traffic Controllers: These professionals face strict medical standards and the fear of being deemed unfit for duty. Admitting to depression could lead to temporary or permanent grounding, affecting their ability to work. This risk often prevents them from seeking help for mental health issues​

• Military Personnel: The culture of mental toughness in the military can discourage service members from seeking treatment for depression, fearing it may be seen as a sign of weakness. This can lead to career impacts, such as being passed over for promotions or losing security clearances​.

• Police Officers: The high-stress nature of law enforcement, combined with a culture that often stigmatizes mental health issues, can lead to untreated depression. Officers may avoid seeking help to prevent being reassigned to less desirable duties or even being removed from the field altogether.

• Firefighters and EMTs: Regular exposure to traumatic events can lead to depression, but the fear of being deemed unfit for duty often prevents these professionals from seeking the help they need. This can result in worsening symptoms and increased risks both on and off the job.

• Healthcare Professionals: Doctors, nurses, and other healthcare workers may avoid seeking treatment for depression due to concerns about professional repercussions, such as loss of license, reputation damage, or being seen as unfit to care for others.

However, it’s important to note that changes are taking place across many of these fields to reduce the stigma and encourage professionals to seek help. New policies and support systems are being implemented to ensure that seeking treatment does not automatically result in career penalties. For instance, the military and aviation sectors have introduced reforms to make it easier for personnel to receive the care they need while maintaining their professional roles. Additionally, peer support programs and confidential counseling services are increasingly available, providing professionals with the resources they need to manage their mental health effectively. Seeking help is not just about protecting your career—it’s about enhancing your ability to perform your duties safely and effectively, and these changes are designed to support that goal.

Family Stigma: The Struggle at Home

Depression can also be stigmatized within the family unit, where loved ones might misunderstand or minimize the condition. Family stigma often arises from:

• Lack of Understanding: Family members may view depression as something that can be overcome with willpower or a positive attitude, leading to a lack of support.

• Shame and Blame: Some families may feel ashamed of having a member with depression, leading to secrecy or denial about the condition. Admitting to depression can trigger defensiveness, as family members might perceive it as a threat or a reflection on their own roles within the family unit.

• Pressure to Conform: In some families, there is pressure to maintain appearances or conform to certain expectations, which can make admitting to depression feel like a failure or a betrayal of family values. This emotional threat can lead to isolation and prevent individuals from seeking the support they need.

Cultural Stigma: The Role of Cultural Beliefs and Norms

Cultural stigma varies widely across different societies and communities, often influencing how depression is perceived and treated:

• Taboos Around Mental Health: In some cultures, mental illness is a taboo subject, and individuals with depression may be stigmatized as "crazy" or "dangerous." This can lead to avoidance of treatment and further isolation.

• Spiritual Interpretations: In certain cultures, depression might be seen as a spiritual failing or a punishment, which can discourage individuals from seeking medical help and instead push them toward traditional or spiritual healers.

• Gender Roles and Expectations: Cultural norms around gender can also affect how depression is perceived. For instance, men in many cultures are expected to be stoic and strong, making it difficult for them to express vulnerability or seek help for depression.

Gendered Stigma: The Unique Challenges for Men and Women

Gender plays a significant role in how depression is experienced and addressed:

• Stigma Among Men: Men often face heightened stigma when it comes to depression. Cultural expectations around masculinity can make it difficult for men to admit to feeling depressed, as they may fear being perceived as weak or less masculine. As a result, depression in men is often expressed through anger or emotional withdrawal—responses that are deemed more "appropriate" for their gender. Unfortunately, this can have devastating consequences for family members, leading to strained relationships and increased isolation.

• Stigma Among Women: While women may be more likely to seek help for depression, they already often contend with the stereotype and misconception that they are "too emotional.” This stigma can lead women to suppress their true needs and feelings, fearing that their depression will be dismissed or trivialized. As a result, women may delay seeking help, allowing their symptoms to worsen over time.

• Stigma Among Gender Non-Conforming Folx: Transgender or gender non-conforming individuals often face compounded stigma due to both their gender identity and mental health challenges. Depression is prevalent in this community, partly due to the discrimination, rejection, and lack of support many experience. Transgender people might fear that seeking help will lead to further discrimination or that their depression will be dismissed as merely a symptom of their gender identity struggles. This stigma can prevent gender non-conforming individuals from accessing the mental health care they need, leading to worsening symptoms and an increased risk of self-harm or suicide. It is crucial for mental health providers to offer culturally competent care that addresses these unique challenges and supports the well-being of these individuals..

Overcoming Doubts and Reaching Out for Help

If you’re struggling with depression, you might feel hesitant to seek help due to concerns about how you’ll be perceived or whether your symptoms are "serious enough" to warrant professional attention. It’s important to remember that depression is a real and treatable condition, and seeking help is not only a sign of strength but also of wisdom and foresight.

Here’s why you should consider reaching out:

• Early Intervention is Key: The sooner you seek help, the better the outcomes. Early intervention can prevent symptoms from worsening and improve your overall quality of life.

• Confidential Support: Professional therapists provide a confidential and non-judgmental space where you can explore your feelings and experiences safely. Your privacy is respected, and your therapy is tailored to your needs.

• Customized Treatment: Therapy is not one-size-fits-all. A professional can work with you to develop a treatment plan that fits your specific situation, whether that involves talk therapy, lifestyle changes, or other interventions.

• Breaking the Cycle: By seeking help, you take an active step towards breaking the cycle of stigma. Your decision to prioritize your mental health can inspire others to do the same, creating a ripple effect of positivity and change.

• You Deserve Support: Above all, you deserve to feel supported and understood. Depression can make you feel isolated, but you are not alone. Professional help is available, and reaching out is the first step toward recovery.

If you're ready to take that step or if you're still unsure, learn more about how depression therapy can support you in overcoming these challenges.

Taking the First Step Toward Recovery

The stigma surrounding depression is a significant barrier to treatment, but it doesn’t have to be. By fostering a culture of acceptance and support, we can create an environment where individuals feel safe and empowered to seek help. Remember, reaching out is a sign of strength, wisdom, and foresight, and professional support is available to guide you through this journey. You don’t have to face depression alone—help is just a step away, and taking that step can lead you toward a brighter, healthier future.

Decoding Depression: The Spectrum of Depressive Disorders

Depression is often perceived as a monolithic condition, characterized by pervasive sadness and a lack of interest in life. However, depression manifests in various forms, each with its unique symptoms, triggers, and treatment approaches. Understanding the different faces of depression is crucial for effective diagnosis and therapy. In this post, we will delve into the spectrum of depressive disorders, shedding light on their distinctive features.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Major Depressive Disorder, commonly referred to as clinical depression, is perhaps the most well-known form of depression. It involves persistent and intense feelings of sadness or hopelessness, loss of interest in activities once enjoyed, changes in appetite and sleep patterns, and difficulty concentrating. These symptoms must last for at least two weeks and represent a significant change from the person’s previous level of functioning.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)

Also known as dysthymia, Persistent Depressive Disorder is a chronic form of depression. The symptoms are similar to MDD but are typically less severe and last for at least two years. Individuals with PDD may experience periods of major depression along with periods of less severe symptoms, creating a continuous cycle of depressive feelings.

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder, previously called manic depression, involves episodes of depression alternating with periods of mania or hypomania. During depressive episodes, individuals experience symptoms similar to MDD. The manic phases can include elevated mood, increased energy, reduced need for sleep, and impulsive behavior. Recognizing these cycles is key to diagnosing and treating bipolar disorder effectively.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Seasonal Affective Disorder is a type of depression that occurs at a specific time of year, usually during the winter months when there is less natural sunlight. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, and carbohydrate cravings, in addition to the typical symptoms of depression. Light therapy, along with medication and psychotherapy, is often effective in treating SAD.

Postpartum Depression (PPD)

Postpartum Depression affects women after childbirth, though it can also impact fathers. Beyond the "baby blues" that many new parents experience, PPD includes severe mood swings, exhaustion, and a sense of hopelessness that can interfere with the ability to care for the baby and handle other daily tasks. Early intervention is crucial to support the parent and the child's well-being.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder is a severe, sometimes disabling extension of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). It causes extreme mood shifts, irritability, and depressive symptoms in the week or two before menstruation. These symptoms are severe enough to disrupt daily life and relationships. Hormonal treatments, antidepressants, and lifestyle changes can help manage PMDD.

Situational Depression

Situational Depression, or adjustment disorder with depressed mood, is triggered by a significant life event or change, such as the loss of a loved one, divorce, or job loss. While it shares many symptoms with MDD, it is typically tied directly to a specific situation and often resolves once the individual adapts to the change or the stressor is removed.

Atypical Depression

Atypical Depression is characterized by mood reactivity—where a person’s mood temporarily improves in response to positive events, but the depressive symptoms return afterward. Other symptoms include increased appetite, excessive sleep, heaviness in the limbs, and sensitivity to rejection. Despite its name, atypical depression is quite common. Effective treatments often include a combination of medication and therapy.

Psychotic Depression

Psychotic Depression occurs when a severe depressive illness includes some form of psychosis, such as hallucinations or delusions. These psychotic symptoms are often consistent with the depressive themes of worthlessness or failure. This condition requires a combination of antidepressant and antipsychotic medications along with psychotherapy.

Final Thoughts

Recognizing the different faces of depression is vital for providing appropriate treatment and support. If you or someone you know is struggling with symptoms of depression, seeking professional help is the first step towards recovery. Depression, in any form, is a serious condition, but with the right approach, it is treatable.

Learn more about getting help for depression…

Kind Paws, Warm Heart: How Pets Ease Anxiety and Depression

In today’s fast-paced world, finding effective strategies to manage mental health challenges like anxiety and depression is crucial. Millions globally struggle with these conditions, often seeking various therapies and solutions. Pets, from the gentle purring of a cat to the joyful wagging of a dog’s tail, provide not just companionship but also significant emotional support. For today's blog post, let's have some fun and explore how pets can play a role in improving our mental health and well-being.

Unconditional Support

Pets offer a type of support free from the complexities of human relationships. Their unconditional love and acceptance can be particularly soothing for those experiencing anxiety or depression. The mere presence of a pet can serve as a comforting reminder of companionship, providing a sense of security and stability that is crucial for mental health management.

The Power of Touch

Interacting with pets, such as petting or cuddling, can be immensely therapeutic. Studies, like one published in Frontiers in Psychology, show that such interactions can increase levels of oxytocin, a stress-reducing hormone, and decrease cortisol, a stress hormone, thereby helping to calm the nervous system and alleviate symptoms of both anxiety and depression.

Routine and Structure

Maintaining a regular schedule for feeding, grooming, and exercising pets can help their owners establish and maintain a routine. This consistency is beneficial for individuals dealing with anxiety or depression, as a predictable routine can reduce feelings of uncertainty and help manage low mood or worry.

Physical Health Improvements

Increased physical activity in pet owners, particularly dog owners, can also combat depression. According to a study from Harvard Medical School, dog owners are more likely to adhere to recommended physical activity levels, which can significantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Mindfulness and Distraction

Engaging with a pet encourages mindfulness, helping individuals to focus on the present moment. Activities like playing with a pet can divert attention from distressing thoughts, providing a mental break that can be especially therapeutic for those struggling with anxiety or depressive thoughts.

Reduction in Anxiety and Depression

Pets provide numerous benefits for managing depression. A meta-analysis in the Journal of Vertebrate Biology supports that pets help reduce anxiety and depression. Beyond this, several key mechanisms through which pets can alleviate symptoms of depression include:

• Emotional Regulation: Pets can help stabilize mood through companionship and affection, which naturally stimulate the release of neurotransmitters associated with mood regulation, such as serotonin and dopamine. Research published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research has shown that interactions with pets can elevate levels of these neurotransmitters, helping to combat the feelings of sadness and hopelessness associated with depression.

• Increased Engagement and Pleasure: Depression often leads to decreased interest in activities previously enjoyed, known as anhedonia. Pets can encourage more active engagement in daily life. The responsibilities of pet care, such as walking and play, can boost engagement and lead to more regular experiences of joy and satisfaction.

• Enhanced Social Support: Pets act as non-judgmental companions providing unconditional support, which is crucial for people feeling isolated due to depression. A study from the American Psychological Association highlighted that pet owners often attribute their improved emotional well-being to the companionship their pets provide.

• Sense of Purpose and Self-Worth: Caring for a pet can instill a sense of responsibility and purpose. This aspect is particularly important for individuals battling depression, as it can enhance feelings of self-worth and importance. Regularly caring for another living being can offer a routine and distractions from depressive thoughts.

While pets are not a substitute for professional mental health treatment, they can complement traditional treatments for anxiety and depression. If you’re considering a pet to help cope with these conditions, ensure you can meet the animal's needs and that its temperament suits your lifestyle.

What is the Correlation Between OCD & Depression?

One of the more daunting and under-discussed aspects of mental health is co-morbidity. It’s quite common for more than one disorder to be present in a person, but it’s not always easy to identify. This reality can make it challenging to properly diagnose and design treatment priorities. For example, it’s not unusual for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) to be associated with depressive disorders. 

As many as half the people with OCD will also be diagnosed with depression. Thus, it makes sense to explore the correlation between these two conditions. With that in mind, let’s take a closer look at the basics.

OCD & Depression: What Comes First?

The answer is not crystal clear, but empirically, the vast majority of instances involve OCD arising before depression. Considering the distress OCD causes daily, this trend is not a surprise. Yes, depression can potentially come first and rarely do the two disorders emerge simultaneously. But, for the purposes of this conversation, the evidence currently points toward depression as part of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Does This Mean OCD Causes Depression?

Sometimes, yes. OCD symptoms present a relentless challenge. Obsessive, intrusive thoughts cause anxiety, guilt, and shame. Compulsive actions negatively impact all aspects of your life. Living with this is enough to bring anyone to a depressive state.

Meanwhile, however, a clear cause of OCD has not yet been identified. As of now, the following factors are being explored:

• Specific issues within the brain

• Genetics and family history 

• Childhood trauma

• Streptococcal infection

Correlation Between Obsessions, Compulsions, and Symptoms 

Obsessions

The O in OCD is used to describe those unwanted thoughts that kick the cycle into effect. These disturbing intrusions can completely shift a person’s self-perception. Over time, this process lands the person with OCD on the road to depression. How much fear, anxiety, and rumination can they take? This highlights why treatment is critical. When someone with OCD has confidence that they can manage their obsessions, they are less likely to experience despair. 

Compulsions

Compulsions are the rituals people with OCD perform in the name of easing anxiety. They know the actions are not logical, but if they can prevent the intrusive thoughts for a while, that’s all the logic they need.  

The act of performing compulsions is energy-intensive and time-consuming. Compulsions are typically obvious, too. Hence, depression enters the picture when you calculate how much this disorder hampers daily functioning and brings on negative attention. 

OCD and Depression: Overlapping Symptoms

• Both disorders are associated with negative self-beliefs

• You’ll notice that your thought patterns can exacerbate symptoms 

• OCD and depression both decrease one’s daily functioning, relationships and interactions, and general mood

• Both have similar treatment plans that may include therapy, medication, mindfulness, and physical activity like yoga

OCD and Depression: Crucial Differences 

Of course, each case can be incredibly unique, but general trends exist. For example, OCD has hallmark signs like repetitive thoughts, behaviors, and tic disorders. None of these are associated with depression. 

Self-Help Tips For People With OCD and Depression

• Address the OCD symptoms before taking on the depression. This typically improves the co-existing depression.

• Physical activity has been found to ease symptoms for both disorders. 

• Do not self-isolate. It’s tempting to withdraw, but you need human connection and love now more than ever. 

The bottom line, however, involves finding a mental health professional with whom you have a good rapport. As daunting as the OCD-depression is, it can be managed, and you can reclaim so much more control over your life. The key is to be consistent and compliant with the treatment plan. If you or someone you know is struggling with these co-existing conditions, let’s talk soon.

Learn more about OCD Treatment.

4 Ways to Navigate Depression After Job Loss

“Job loss” covers a lot of ground. For some, it could involve a traumatic firing. Other folks quit, get slowly downsized, or they opt to retire. In today’s gig economy, it’s not rare to have a freelance position run its course. Regardless of the scenario, job loss involves change, and with change often comes stress. 

After all, job loss typically means more than lost income. Our jobs contribute mightily to our social life and daily structure. Also, depending on the position, what you do for work can become an identity of sorts. Any of this can result in feelings of grief that can develop into depression. 

What to Watch For After Job Loss

It’s normal to experience a wide range of emotions when a big job-related change occurs. But if your overwhelming emotion is sadness that lasts almost all day for at least two weeks, depression could be emerging. Here are some common red flags to watch for:

• Sleeping much more than usual

• Changes in appetite in either direction

• Losing interest in activities that once brought you pleasure

• Strong feelings of guilt, shame, low self-esteem, and self-blame

• Feeling isolated and hopeless 

• Feeling lost without the structure and identity of a job

• Putting no effort into making changes to remedy the situation (including looking for a new job) 

• Neglecting personal hygiene

• Having thoughts of self-harm

To repeat, if a couple of weeks have passed and signs like this remain present or are getting stronger, it’s advised that you ask for help. In the meantime, you can engage in self-help steps that have been found to scale back the severity of symptoms. 

4 Ways to Navigate Depression After Job Loss

None of the suggestions below are meant to replace the input of a medical professional, but again, they can have a positive complementary impact.

1. Emphasize Self-Care 

In a depressive state, it can be challenging to stay focused on taking care of yourself. So, keep it simple but keep it consistent. You’ll want to focus on basics like healthy eating/drinking choices, getting into a steady sleep rhythm, taking part in daily physical activity, and practicing relaxation techniques like meditation and breathing exercises. 

2. Feel What You Need to Feel 

Grief does not subside by suppressing it. Accept the feeling of loss and let your emotions happen. Think of it as giving yourself permission to mourn what is gone. If you find this to be difficult, you can seek out a support group both online and in person.

3. Use This As An Opportunity to Explore and Reinvent

In a profit-driven society, our job can be a form of social credit. When a job loss occurs, you can initially feel disoriented. But it’s a golden opportunity to explore what is meaningful to you and how to harness that drive. We are so much more than our primary source of income. 

Some suggestions: 

• Consult That Bucket List: What have you always wanted to try? This is an excellent time to explore new paths.

• Get Creative: Creativity facilitates expression — and healing.

• Do Unto Others: Depression can make anyone feel aimless and stuck in a prison of their own minds. When stuck inward, go outward. Giving time and energy to others can be an important antidote to the isolation and hopelessness of depression, and, for some, can even lead to new career paths.

4. Don’t Underestimate Depression

This is crucial. Everyone gets sad at times or experiences the blues after a tough break. Depression is a diagnosable mental health disorder. Recovering from depression requires more than self-help. Don’t downplay what you feel after a job loss if what you feel is not going away.

If job loss has you struggling and feeling overwhelmed, we should talk. Let’s schedule a free and confidential consultation at your earliest convenience. 

Learn more about Depression Treatment.

How are Insomnia and Depression Connected?

When it comes to emotional health, the relationship between sleep and depression is both intricate and significant. This post will explore this connection, shedding light on how insomnia and depression interact and influence each other. Understanding this link is not just crucial for therapists but also for anyone struggling with either or both of these challenging conditions.

The Bidirectional Relationship

Firstly, it's essential to recognize that the relationship between insomnia and depression is bidirectional. This means that not only can persistent sleep problems lead to depressive symptoms, but depression can also exacerbate or even trigger insomnia. This cyclical nature makes it difficult to determine which came first – the sleep disorder or the mood disorder.

Insomnia Leading to Depression

Research has consistently shown that people who experience chronic insomnia have a higher risk of developing depression. Insomnia, characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early, can lead to various negative outcomes such as irritability, fatigue, and a decrease in concentration. Over time, this can escalate into a more persistent mood disturbance. The lack of quality sleep disrupts the brain's ability to regulate emotions and stress, thereby increasing the susceptibility to depression.

Depression Leading to Insomnia

On the flip side, depression can significantly impact sleep patterns. A core symptom of depression is a disrupted sleep cycle, which might manifest as insomnia or hypersomnia (excessive sleep). The hormonal and neurochemical imbalances that accompany depression can wreak havoc on the body's natural sleep-wake cycle, making it harder to get restful sleep. This disruption in sleep can, in turn, worsen depressive symptoms, creating a vicious cycle.

The Role of Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Understanding the connection between insomnia and depression also involves a look at neurotransmitters and hormones. Serotonin, a neurotransmitter linked to mood regulation, is also crucial in sleep regulation. Imbalances in serotonin levels can lead to both mood disturbances and sleep problems. Similarly, cortisol, the stress hormone, is often elevated in individuals with depression, and high cortisol levels can lead to sleep disturbances.

Treatment Approaches

Addressing the complex interaction between insomnia and depression requires a nuanced and individualized approach.. A range of treatments has been found effective in treating insomnia, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Internal Family Systems (IFS) and other psychodynamic and mindfulness based therapies. These methods, among various others, underscore the diversity and adaptability of treatment options, emphasizing the importance of a personalized strategy in tackling these intertwined challenges.

Lifestyle Modifications

In addition to professional treatment, certain lifestyle modifications can be beneficial. Regular exercise, a healthy diet, maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, and practicing relaxation techniques like meditation or mindfulness can help manage both insomnia and depression. However, these should complement, not replace, professional treatment.

A Tailored Approach to HEALING

When addressing the intertwined issues of insomnia and depression, a personalized and multifaceted treatment approach is key. Therapy may include a blend of cognitive strategies to manage thought patterns, psychodynamic insights to explore deeper emotional influences, mindfulness practices for stress reduction, and other techniques suited to the your unique experiences and needs. This holistic perspective ensures comprehensive care, targeting both mental health and sleep quality for overall well-being.

Learn more about Depression Treatment.